Will Exosome Be the New Star in Treating Renal Cancer

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), referred to as renal cancer, accounts for 3% of adult malignancies. It is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system and the incidence has been increasing year by year. Early renal cancer patients have no obvious symptoms, while the diagnosis is mainly based on imaging examinations. More than 16% of patients have already shown distant metastases when they receive the first diagnosis.

Surgical resection is currently considered to be the only effective cure for RCC. However, more than 20% of patients will experience local recurrence or distant metastasis after surgery. Most renal cancers are not sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy once recurrence or metastasis occurs, and molecular targeted drug treatment is prone to drug resistance, with the 5-year survival rate less than 40%.

Therefore, how to detect kidney cancer early, effectively predict the risk of tumor metastasis, and discover new drug targets has always been the focus and difficulty of kidney cancer research.

In 1983, Johnstone first discovered exosomes in reticulocyte culture fluid, which are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30 to 100 nm and a lipid bilayer membrane structure. They are widely found in various body fluids such as peripheral blood, urine, and ascites, carrying a variety of signal molecules and biologically active substances, and participating in a variety of biological processes such as body immunity, intercellular communication, tumorigenesis and development, etc. In recent years, exosome therapy in urinary tumor diseases has become a research focus such as prostate cancer and bladder cancer.

The diagnosis of renal cancer relies on imaging examinations such as ultrasound and CT, and lacks effective serological markers. Therefore, many patients with renal cancer have metastasized at the time of diagnosis and have a poor prognosis. Exosomes have specificity related to cell origin and can be extracted from body fluids. Therefore, many scholars at home and abroad believe that exosomes may be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of renal cancer.

At present, many studies have found significant differences in the expression of specific components of exosomes between renal cancer patients and normal people, suggesting that exosomes may be used as serological markers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of renal cancer.

“However, these studies are mostly retrospective studies with limited number of included samples and pathological types, and the sensitivity and specificity of the research are not yet convincing.” Said a scientist in Creative Biolabs, a first-class biotech manufacturer providing exosome related services, “so a more comprehensive study is expected to unveil the secret of exosome in renal cancer.”

In clinical treatment, many patients with kidney cancer are sensitive to targeted drug treatment, but afterwards there will be varying degrees of drug resistance. However, the mechanism of drug resistance in kidney cancer is complex and unclear. It’s known that tumor cells can excrete chemotherapeutic drugs through exosomes, while miRNAs, resistance-related proteins and other substances are transported through exosomes to mediate drug resistance transmission, so that non-resistant tumor cell subpopulations acquire resistance. Studies have shown that exosomes help to present tumor-specific antigens, have the potential to promote active and passive immunity, which provides a new biological approach to the treatment of renal cancer.

Exosomes secreted by renal cancer cells are widely present in body fluids such as blood and urine of patients. They not only have the advantages of availability of sources, non-invasive examination, specificity of tumors, but also can easily penetrate the biofilm, and well protect the rich bioactive substances from degradation for their small size, strong mobility, and natural lipid bilayers.

Current exosome research has found that exosomes have obvious expression differences between renal cancer patients and normal subjects, and play an important role in the invasion and metastasis. They also participate in tumor resistance and immune escape and other processes. Related results provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer patients.

However, there is still a long way to go in the field of exosomes-mediated resistance and effects of targeted drug resistance in renal cancer treatment. Scientists are trying to find how exosomes can solve the problem of drug resistance and there will be more and more targeted drugs for renal cancer in the future.

Pros and Cons of Availing Bad Credit Loans from the Online Lenders

We face so many inevitable financial problems throughout our lives. Sometimes, it is really difficult to overcome a crisis due to the lack of the sufficient funds. We can’t expect our friends and relatives to help us with the interest-free money every time we face the crisis.

Having a bad credit history is a big hurdle to get any financial help from the mainstream lenders and banks. They are reluctant to help us due to the high-risk involved with the lending. They agree to lend only when we submit our valuable assets to them. However, this solution is not feasible for the applicants who are bankrupt or tenants.

Are Online Loans Reliable?

Nowadays, loans for bad credit with no guarantor have become quite popular among the UK people. Various online lenders promise to offer guaranteed funds with no extra fees. Surprised? Well, yes! They are indeed offering such attractive deals. However, the question is – are these financial alternatives reliable? Is there any chance of an online fraud?

Bad credit people who are in the midst of a financial crisis can’t afford to get into another trouble by applying for a loan which is not legitimate or reliable. However, not all deals are same. Many reliable lenders offer genuine lending solutions to the poor credit customers.

Let me honestly summarise pros and cons of availing bad credit loans from the online lenders:

Pros;

You are not required to go anywhere to get these loans. This is a huge relief to the people who don’t have time to stand in a queue outside the office of a mainstream lender or bank. You can easily apply for these funds from the comfort of your bedroom.
Most of the online lending companies don’t require any kinds of documents. You just need to fill some basic details on their websites. There is no need to courier/fax hard copies or attach the scanned documents along with the filled web form.
Unsecured lending options for the bad credit borrowers are completely risk-free. It means you don’t have to pledge your valuable asset with the online lender. You get the required funds with no collateral.
Every borrower strives for the quick approval. Earlier, it was such a frustrating dilemma to get the required approval from the typical offline lenders. They used to take decisions in 7 days to a month. Now with the advent of the financial technology (FinTech), getting the fast approval has become possible.
You stand a chance to solve your financial crisis on the same day of applying for the online poor credit funds. Some reliable lenders take instant decisions and quickly transfer the required amount directly into your bank account.
You can get a cheaper deal as numerous FinTech companies compete with each other to offer bad credit lending solutions.
If you have a poor credit rating, then submitting the latest credit report is embarrassing. However, you can avoid this step by applying with any of the credible online lenders. They usually approve the loan applications without doing the credit check.
Lastly, you can’t improve your poor credit score overnight. You require a lot of patience to rebuild your score. You can transform your credit score by making timely repayments of these availed online loans for poor credit.
Cons;

We have to accept that the unsecured financing options are not that much cheaper as advertised by the FinTech companies. You have to cough up a slightly higher APR as compared to the interest rates charged by the traditional offline lenders.
The risk of hidden charges is higher. Most of the FinTech companies boast of offering viable financing options with no hidden charges. However, some of them surprise you with the extra fees during the tenure.
Well, if your lender is not reliable then he may leak your personal information or share with other lending companies for the business purpose. You can avoid this risk by choosing a reliable lender who uses the secure platform and assures complete confidentiality.
Sometimes, due to the presence of the lender fees, a cheaper deal becomes costly. Not all the representative APR examples present on the lending websites are authentic. Always, use a reliable loan calculator to know the exact total cost.
Ratings and feedback present on the websites are not always genuine. They may mislead and lure you to apply for the loan. Be a smart borrower and never trust all the written words blindly.
The ease of availing these funds makes you a habitual borrower. You tempt to borrow even when you don’t need them. It increases the total debt on your head and chances of getting bankrupt are higher.
A financial crisis can strike you anytime and applying for a loan is not always a good idea. Try to maintain a contingency fund for the unseen expenses. If a situation is unavoidable and goes out of your control, then apply for an online loan for bad credit with no guarantor by choosing the reliable online lending company only.

Tips to Send Money to India Cost-effectively

Are you settled abroad? Do you have to send money to your family on a monthly or weekly basis? If the answer is yes, then you may want to research and find the best way to transfer money, especially if you are sending funds for the first time.

There are several reasons why you would want to send money abroad:

You can send money to your family every month for everyday expenses
You can send money to buy a retirement property
Money can be sent to your child studying and living abroad
It can be sent as a wedding gift to your relative or for medical purposes
Irrespective of the reason, your remittance experience should be easy, quick and hassle-free. It should also be cost-effective. Here are a few tips to make this happen:

There are a few important factors that you should be aware of when you send money to India:

Affordability of the remittance method
Safety and security of your money and personal details
Reliability of the remittance method you have chosen
Knowledge of the remittance procedure
It helps to understand the ins and outs of international remittance because it will help you save time as well as money. For instance, you need to be aware of the exchange rates you are getting. Exchange rate is the biggest fee when sending money internationally. So make sure you are comparing rates being offered by different banks and money transfer agencies before making a choice. There are several websites on the internet from where you can compare the rates by different agencies under one roof. Comparing rates will help you get the best rates. Getting competitive exchange rates will ensure that the recipient gets maximum of what you are sending.

Another important tip to make your international remittance cost-effective is to look for low transfer fees. Even if you get competitive FX rates but the transfer fees is high, your remittance will become expensive. So look for an agency that is charging you low transfer rate to India.

Security is very important when sending money internationally. For instance, you need to use a secure device for initiating transfers. Be it your laptop, smartphone or tablet, if your device isn’t secure, it might put your money at risk. Make sure the device has latest anti-virus installed. Another way to ensure security is to have a strong password for online banking. It shouldn’t be easy to guess. Keep a combination of numbers and alphabets and never share it with anyone.

The best way of transferring money is to choose your bank. Banks are the safest way of sending money from one country to another; however, banks charge a high transfer fees and their FX rates are also not that great. So, look for an online remittance agency. There are several reputed agencies that offer this service at a low cost. Just make sure to read the reviews of shortlisted agencies before making a choice.